MODH FOSHUITEACH- BRIATHRA RIALTA

Affirmative Statements

In making affirmative statements in the subjunctive mood, changes are made at both the beginning and the end of the verb. The changes made at the beginning of the verb are caused by the verbal particle that preceds all the verb forms.

First, identify the root of the verb as follows:

1. For the majority of the First Conjugation verbs (usually one syllable), the entire verb is the root. [B-F-G-O-P-R-S1-S2] An exception is when the verb ends in "igh." In that case, if there is an accented vowel ("ua" also) immediately before the "igh," simply drop the "igh" to expose the root. In all other cases, delete the "igh" and replace it with an "í". [N] Also, be aware that there are a few two syllable verbs in the First Conjugation which maintain two syllables in the root. [T] (ie. Sábháil, Taispeáin)

2. For the Second Conjugation (usually multi-syllable) verbs, part or all of the end of the verb is generally removed to reveal the root. Whenever these verbs end in "(a)igh" (the most common type), simply drop that syllable. [A-D-E-M-S3-U] In most other cases, squeeze the vowels out of the last syllable and tack the remaining consonant(s) onto the end of the first syllable. For example, with the verb "codail," squeeze the "ai" out of the second syllable and add the remaining "l" to the end of the first syllable to make the root "codl..." [C-I-L]

Secound, to the root add these endings:

1) For First Conjugation verbs, add:

2) For Second Conjugation verbs, add:

Third, to finish making the affirmative form, the verbal particle "Go" is added before the verb, which causes úrú (eclipse) to the initial consonant of the verb root where possible. If the verb begins with a vowel, of course, it gets an "n-" prefixed to it.

Negative (Statements/Wishes)

Negative (Statements/Wishes) are constructed in the subjuntive mood by making certain changes to the affirmative forms:

• 1) Negative (Statements/Wishes) - Change the verbal particle from "Go" to "Nár" before the verb, and séimhiú (lenite) the initial consonant in the verb where possible. (Verbs that begin with a vowel do not get an "h-" prefixed to them.)